Description
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human genes that produce tumour suppressor proteins. Mutations of these genes have been linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. In fact, about 20-25% of hereditary breast cancers are linked to these mutations. The risk is even higher for ovarian cancers, where 15-20% are linked to these mutations.
Associations
Below is a table detailing some of the associations and prevalence rates for each mutation:
| Association | BRCA1 | BRCA2 |
|---|---|---|
| Lifetime risk of breast cancer | 55-72% | 45-69% |
| Lifetime risk of ovarian cancer | 39-44% | 11-17% |
| Male breast cancer | <1% | 6-10% |
| Prostate cancer | Slightly increased risk | Increased risk (about 15%) |
| Pancreatic cancer | Slightly increased risk | Slightly increased risk |
| Melanoma | No increased risk | Slightly increased risk |
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations may increase the risk of other types of cancer in both men and women. However, these associated risks are not as well-defined as those for breast, ovarian, and (in BRCA2 mutation carriers) prostate cancer.