Description Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant primary brain tumour that originates in the cerebellum or posterior fossa, frequently in the region of the fourth ventricle. It is the most common…

Description Hamartoma of tuber cinereum, also known as hypothalamic hamartoma, is a benign, congenital malformation involving the hypothalamus, particularly the tuber cinereum and mammillary bodies. These…

Description Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm that originates from the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. It’s a grade III tumour in the World Health Organisation (WHO)…

Choroid plexus papillomas are WHO grade 1 tumours generally presenting by 5 years of age, which arise in the lateral ventricular atrium and demonstrate a lobulated frond-like margin and…

Description Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign, sellar or suprasellar lesions originating from the remnant epithelial lining of Rathke’s pouch, a component of embryonic development that gives rise to the…

Craniopharyngiomas are benign, slow-growing sellar/suprasellar tumours arising from Rathke’s pouch remnants characterised by squamous papillary epithelium with areas of calcification, cysts and wet keratin, and…

Description A pineocytoma is a rare, benign (WHO grade I), slow-growing tumour that originates from the pineal cells of the pineal gland in the brain. This tumour is part of the broader category of pineal…

An aggressive primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the pineal gland which typically arises in children, often presents with symptoms of hydrocephalus and is characterised by an enhancing mass with potential for…

Description Diffuse astrocytomas represent a category of primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms that demonstrate diffuse infiltration of the brain’s normal architecture. They are classified as grade II…

Description Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), also known as central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis, is a neurological disorder characterised by the destruction of myelin sheaths…