Necrotising enterocolitis is a life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency with high mortality rate almost exclusively affecting neonates, characterised by inflammation and necrosis of the bowel, which is…

Morton’s neuroma typically occurs in females and is a non-neoplastic perineural fibrosis around the plantar digital nerve, in the 3rd intermetarsal space which appears as a hypoechoic mass that may be displaced…

Vasculitides Overview

Pituitary macroadenoma is the most common benign suprasella tumour in adults, usually presenting as hormonal imbalances or visual disturbances due to mass effect. Description Pituitary macroadenomas are…

Paraganglioma typically presents in adults aged 30-50 years, often with symptoms related to catecholamine secretion or mass effect; pathologically, it is a neuroendocrine tumor arising from…

Odontogenic keratocyst typically presents in young adults, particularly males in their second to third decade of life, with a painless, slowly enlarging multilocular cyst at the posterior mandible which has…

Paraduodenal hernia usually presents as a small bowel obstruction in adults, caused by herniation of small intestine into a congenital peritoneal sac, most commonly near the ligament of Treitz.…

Meckel’s diverticulum typically presents in children with painless rectal bleeding, and appears as a small outpouching on the antimesenteric border of the ileum and may contain ectopic gastric or pancreatic…

Multiple System Atrophy typically presents in 50-60 year old adults with autonomic dysfunction, parkinsonian features, and cerebellar ataxia. Pathologically, hallmark features include glial cytoplasmic…