Turner Syndrome is hypogonadism in phenotypica females due to partial or complete absence of one X chromosome, leading to short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, biscuspid valve and coarctation of the aorta, as well…

Viral encephalitis is a serious inflammatory condition, commonly due to HSV1 typically affecting the temporal lobes, characterised by necrotising haemorrhagic inflammation, Cowdry A bodies and diffuse oedema…

Description Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a common autosomal dominant disorder characterised by multiple cutaneous neurofibromas, café-au-lait spots, axillary…

Neuroblastoma is an aggressive tumour typically arising from adrenal glands in young children, characterised by small, round, blue cells, and the presence of Homer-Wright pseudorosettes. Description…

Central neurocytoma is a rare intraventricular WHO grade II tumour, typically affecting young adults, characterised by cells mimicking neurons, and demonstrating a heterogeneously enhancing lesion on MRI,…

CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) is a genetic small-vessel disease typically seen in adults, characterised by the NOTCH3 gene…

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease typically affecting middle-aged women, characterised by RF and anti-CCP serology, synovial inflammation, symmetrical joint erosions and joint…

Ewing sarcoma is a highly aggressive, small round blue cell tumour affecting primarily adolescents and young adults, often characterised by t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation, typically presenting as a…

Description Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign neoplasms affecting long bone metaphyses commonly affecting adolescents and young adults, characterised histologically by blood-filled, separated by septa…

Description Neurocysticercosis is a neurological infection caused by the cystic larvae of the tapeworm Taenia solium. It is the most common helminthic infection of the nervous system globally and is…