Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, benign neoplasms characterised by variable proportions of adipocytes and haematopoietic cells, and appear as a well-defined, heterogeneous adrenal mass with variable lipid…

Adrenal adenomas are the most common lesion of the adrenal gland, usually discovered incidentally as well-circumscribed hypodense lesions with variable lipid content. Description Adrenal adenomas are…

Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is characteristically seen in heavy smokers, characterised by pigmented macrophages in the respiratory bronchioles and bronchocentric ground-glass…

Dandy-Walker malformation, a congenital brain malformation that typically presents in infancy and early childhood, is characterised by the triad of agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, cystic…

Testicular embryonal carcinoma, primarily affecting young adults, is characterised by its complex papillary architecture and typically manifests within a mixed germ cell tumour. Radiologically, it displays…

Melanoma, primarily seen in fair-skinned, sun-exposed adults, is distinguished by the uncontrolled growth of atypical melanocytes, frequently manifesting the BRAF V600 mutation histologically and is typified by…

Tuberous sclerosis complex, a neurocutaneous disorder primarily affecting children, is characterised by facial angiomas, multiple benign calcified multi-organ hamartomas, epileptogenic cortical tubers…

Vitamin B12 deficiency, typically found in older adults and vegetarians, is characterised by ineffective erythropoiesis and neurological changes, megaloblastic anaemia, subacute combined degeneration of the…

Cerebral toxoplasmosis typically presents in immunocompromised/advanced HIV individuals as the most common cause of focal brain lesions, characterised histologically by necrotising encephalitis with clusters…

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy primarily affects immunocomprised adults and is a potentially fatal demyelinating CNS disease caused by JC virus reactivation, characterised by multifocal areas…