Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour in adults, characterised histologically by pseudopalisading necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation, and radiologically by a…

Multinodular and Vacuolating Tumour is a benign and indolent lesion predominantly involving the subcortical and deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and is characterised by multiple small…

Solitary fibrous tumours of the dura are rare, slow-growing benign tumours, often seen in adults, characterised by positive immunohistochemistry, intense homogeneous contrast enhancement, and absence…

Meningioma is a typically benign, slow-growing tumour arising from the meninges, more common in females and often presenting with cellular whorls and psammoma bodies on microscopy and calcification or ‘dural…

Oligodendroglioma is a rare slow-growing adult-type diffuse glioma that arises from oligodendrocytes typically in the frontal lobes, characterised by 1p/19q codeletion, microscopic ‘fried egg’ cells with…

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT) is an aggressive embyronal brain tumour, typically located in the posterior fossa in infants, characterised by rhabdoid cells, heterogeneous enhancement and…

Chiari 1 Malformation is characterised by a caudal descent of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. Description Chiari I Malformation is a congenital anomaly of the cerebellum characterised by…

Polymicrogyria is a common malformation of cortical development characterised by the presence of numerous small gyri with abnormal cortical lamination typically in the perisylvian region.…

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare, typically superficial supratentorial astrocytic tumour most frequently seen in paediatric and young adults with BRAF mutations, characterised by marked…

Fibrous Dysplasia is a bone abnormality characterised by the ground-glass appearance on imaging, most commonly affecting the femur, tibia, and craniofacial bones. Description Fibrous dysplasia is a…