Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome is a thrombotic microangiopathy which predominantly affects children, manifesting as a triad of haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, with…

Nephrotic Syndrome is defined by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema, and hyperlipidaemia, and is typically associated with increased renal cortical echogenicity. Description Nephrotic syndrome is a…

Description Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary condition characterised by the development of multiple tumours in endocrine glands. Most commonly, it affects the parathyroid…

Description Pancreatitis refers to the inflammatory condition of the pancreas. It is characterised by activation of pancreatic enzymes within the pancreas, leading to autodigestion and inflammation.…

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, typically of the ductal epithelium and associated with KRAS mutation, and presents as an obstructing head of pancreas mass in older…

Gorlin syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant genodermatosis due to PTCH1 gene mutation characterised by multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and bifid ribs. Description Gorlin syndrome,…

Cowden syndrome is an autosomal dominant characterised by the development of multiple hamartomas in any organ and an increased risk for certain malignancies. Description Cowden syndrome, or multiple…

Glucagonoma is a rare, usually malignant, neuroendocrine tumour arising from pancreatic alpha cells, commonly manifesting as necrolytic migratory erythema and presenting as a hypervascular mass in the pancreas…

VIPoma is a rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour classically presenting with WDHA syndrome, elevated serum VIP and appearing as a well-defined, hypervascular mass on imaging. Description VIPoma, also known…

Description Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes leads…