Pulmonary surfactant deficiency occurs in premature neonates, caused by atelectasis due to insufficient surfactant production by type II pneumocytes, which appears as diffuse bilateral granular opacities on…

Scimitar syndrome usually presents in a child with recurrent respiratory infections, heart murmur, and dyspnea on exertion, due to partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) from the right lung to…

Galactocoeles occur exclusively in lactating or post-weaning women as a milk-filled cystic lesion which is well-circumscribed, fluid-density lesion on ultrasound, often associated with breastfeeding. Description…

Wernicke encephalopathy affects thiamine deficient patients typically with chronic alcoholism who present with the classic triad of confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia, and demonstrate petechial haemorrhage…

Ovarian torsion is a gynaecological emergency presenting as acute onset lower abdominal pain, an enlarged, oedematous ovary with peripherally displaced follicles. Description Ovarian torsion is a…

Description Meconium plug syndrome, also referred to as functional immaturity of the colon or transient colonic hypoganglionosis, is a condition observed in newborns. It is characterised by the obstruction of…

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours are WHO grade 1 glioneuronal tumours mostly seen in children and young adults with a long history of seizures as a cortically-based temporal lobe lesion with a…

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rapidly progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by prion accumulation causing spongiform brain appearance and is characterised by T2 changes in the basal…

Recurrent pyogenic cholangiohepatitis (RPC) is most commonly seen in Southeast Asian populations, characterised by intraductal hepatolithias formation from repeated infection and subsequent stricture…

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease typically occurs in smokers, manifesting as as hyperinflated lungs with bronchial wall thickening and emphysematous changes due to bronchitis and alveolar…